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Parents: Karin Bergman and Lutheran Pastor Erik Bergman.born July 14th 1918 in Uppsala, Sweden.He also feels that they are all part of the Swedish middle class, there is no Marxism in his films, the main characters are often artists although, “Bergman is not understood as an ‘intellectual filmmaker’ his is essentially a poetic language, proceeding from intuition and feeling.” He attributes (along with Ingmar himself) Bergman’s inspiration to childhood memories, dreams, or a certain sight, sound or movement.Believes Bergman’s films include themes of God/ non-God, meaningfulness/ nothingness, life as a journey, nature, love, psychotherapy, and Freudian symbols.Turning of human relationships (always in motion).Bergman explores the “geography of the soul” from Freud's “human condition”.Characters show “gloomy optimism” Second:“Second Thoughts” phase 1966 to 1984 the idea that at best, one can only disengage or find comfort in isolation with loved ones.Breaks his career into first and second periods: First: “Great Synopsis” phase life portrayed as offering rebirth and renewal, not despair and suicide which are central themes in the films ends in will-to-carry-on in face of humiliation, failure, abandonment, and death.She describes his filmmaking in matters of Bergman’s spiritual development: The mask against identity, fantasy of escape against real life or compromise, religious faith against life or human love, cinematic illusion against truth, dream against reality, and a return to humanism.the necessary illusion (fantasies, dreams and illusory moments of happiness) are necessary to endure life’s darker realities.”.Early 1980s: resolves disturbances by returning to them, exploring masquerade and multiplicity.Late 1960s: shattering of reality/ illusion and more disturbing films.“Gradual shift from focusing on dichotomies between falsities and truth to looking at life and film as a set of constructs.”.Focus on Illusions: Apparitions, dreams, mental delusions, and ghosts Multiplicity of lives and selves.Marc Gervais, Ingmar Bergman: Magician and Prophet (1999).Jesse Kalin, The Films of Ingmar Bergman (2003).Laura Hubner, The Films of Ingmar Bergman: Illusions of Light (2007).How Others View Bergman Third: research time How I View Bergman: Second: make connections Ingmar Bergman Cori Heyman Great Directors 2013